Everything people actually ask about time & pay

Convert both times to 24-hour format, subtract the start time from the end time, and deduct any unpaid breaks. Convert the remaining minutes to decimal by dividing by 60. Example: Worked 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM with a 30-minute break — elapsed time is 8.5 hours, and subtracting 0.5 hours for lunch leaves 8.0 net work hours. The Hours Calculator does this automatically for a full week.

An online hours calculator parses your time inputs (12-hour AM/PM or 24-hour military time), calculates elapsed time per shift, subtracts designated unpaid break minutes, and aggregates the total across a workweek. It converts final totals to decimal hours and applies hourly pay rates and overtime rules automatically — see the Hours Calculator in action.

Convert 30 minutes into decimal format (30 ÷ 60 = 0.5 hours) and subtract 0.5 from your total shift length. Alternatively, calculate the two work segments before and after lunch separately and add them together. Each row of the Hours Calculator has a dedicated break-minutes field.

For shifts crossing midnight, add 24 hours to the end time before subtracting the start time. Example: A shift from 10:00 PM (22:00) to 6:00 AM (06:00) → end time 6 + 24 = 30, so 30 − 22 = 8 hours. The Hours Calculator detects overnight shifts and adds the 24 hours for you.

Compute net daily hours for each shift (Monday–Sunday), sum them, and split the total into regular hours (up to 40 under US FLSA) and overtime hours. The Hours Calculator builds the weekly total automatically, and the Overtime Calculator handles the overtime split under federal and state rules.

The standard full-time workweek in the US is 40 hours (typically five 8-hour days). In the UK and EU, full-time work averages 35–40 hours, capped legally at 48 hours. In India, standard work hours are capped at 9 hours per day or 48 hours per week under the Factories Act. Use the Working Days calculator to see how many working days that spans in a given month or year.

Multiply regular hours by your standard hourly rate, then multiply overtime hours by your overtime rate (1.5× or 2.0× base wage), and sum both figures. Formula: Gross Pay = (Regular Hours × Base Rate) + (Overtime Hours × OT Rate). The Overtime Calculator computes the premium portion, and the Salary Calculator converts the result to annual figures.

Calculate the elapsed duration for each session separately — e.g. Session 1: 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM = 4 hrs; Session 2: 1:00 PM to 5:00 PM = 4 hrs — then add the session durations for your daily total (8.0 hours). The Time Card calculator handles multiple punches per day automatically.

Yes. Advanced calculators let you assign distinct pay rates to individual days or specific shift roles (e.g. weekend differentials or multi-role shifts) before summing total compensation. Set per-day rates in the Hours Calculator.

Keep the whole hours as-is and divide the minute portion by 60 to get the decimal fraction: 15 min = 0.25, 30 min = 0.50, 45 min = 0.75. Most payroll systems (QuickBooks, ADP, Gusto, Paychex) require decimal format — the Decimal tab in the Hours Calculator converts both ways instantly.

Sum seconds, minutes, and hours independently. If seconds exceed 59, divide by 60, carry the quotient to minutes, and keep the remainder. Repeat the process for minutes to carry over into hours. The Time Adder does the carrying for you across any number of durations.

Use the =SUM() formula across your time range. To stop Excel from resetting the total back to 0 after it passes 24 hours, format the result cell as custom time [h]:mm. If you'd rather skip the spreadsheet, the Time Adder sums HH:MM:SS durations directly.

Divide the total minutes by 60. The integer result is the total hours and the remainder is the leftover minutes. Example: 485 ÷ 60 = 8 hours with a remainder of 5 minutes (8 hr 5 min, or 8.083 decimal hours). The Time Adder shows both formatted and decimal results side by side.

Sum the hours (8 + 7 = 15) and the minutes (45 + 30 = 75). Convert 75 minutes to 1 hr 15 min and add it to 15 hours to get 16 hours 15 minutes (16.25 decimal hours). Check any combination in the Time Adder.

Yes. Time adders convert every entry into absolute seconds, calculate the exact total, and render the output in standard formatted time (HH:MM:SS) alongside decimal hours — exactly what the Time Adder outputs.

Subtract the start date from the end date. Most date calculators convert both dates to absolute epoch values (days elapsed since a reference date) to find the exact difference. The Time Between Dates calculator returns days, weeks, and months instantly.

By default, standard calendar duration calculations exclude the final day (counting full 24-hour periods elapsed). Toggling “Include End Date” adds 1 day for inclusive periods such as rental or stay dates — a toggle you'll find in the Time Between Dates calculator.

There are 364 days between January 1 and December 31 in a standard year (365 in a leap year). Counting inclusively (including December 31) totals 365 days (366 in a leap year). Confirm any date pair with the Time Between Dates calculator.

Calculate the elapsed full years first, then the full remaining months, and finally the remaining calendar days. This calendar method adjusts for varying month lengths (28, 30, or 31 days). The Time Between Dates calculator breaks the span into years, months, and days, and the Age Calculator applies the same method to a birth date.

Leap years insert February 29 into the calendar. Any time span crossing February 29 automatically includes one extra day compared with standard years. The Time Between Dates calculator accounts for every leap day in the range.

Pick the date in the Countdown Calculator and it shows a live count of the days, hours, minutes, and seconds remaining, plus the number of business days. It also has one-tap buttons for holidays like Christmas and New Year.

Add a target time alongside the date and the Countdown Calculator ticks down to that exact moment — useful for launches, exam start times, or midnight on New Year's Eve. Leave the time blank to count to the start of the day.

Eastern Standard Time (EST) is UTC−5 and Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) is UTC−4. Subtract 5 hours (or 4 hours during Daylight Saving Time) from UTC. The Time Zone Converter handles the DST switch automatically.

India Standard Time (IST, UTC+5:30) is 13.5 hours ahead of Pacific Standard Time (PST, UTC−8) and 12.5 hours ahead of Pacific Daylight Time (PDT, UTC−7). Compare both live with the Time Zone Converter.

UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) is a global atomic time standard. GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) is a time zone used in parts of Europe and Africa. Both share the same offset (UTC+0), but GMT shifts to BST (UTC+1) during summer. See how they line up in the Time Zone Converter.

Use a multi-zone converter to plot local hours side by side and look for overlapping windows within reasonable working hours (typically 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM local time for every participant). The Time Zone Converter shows 50+ zones at once for exactly this.

Countries such as India (UTC+5:30), Iran (UTC+3:30), and Nepal (UTC+5:45) adopted fractional offsets to align local clock time more closely with the actual solar meridians across their landmasses. The Time Zone Converter supports these fractional offsets.

Under federal US FLSA rules, non-exempt employees earn 1.5× their regular hourly rate for all hours worked beyond 40 in a single workweek. Some states (California, Alaska, Nevada, Colorado) also require daily overtime beyond 8 hours in a day. The Overtime Calculator applies both federal and state rules, and the Hours Calculator feeds it your weekly total.

Double-time pay is 2.0× your base hourly wage. In California it is legally required for work past 12 hours in a single workday, or past 8 hours on the 7th consecutive day of a workweek. It is also common in union agreements and holiday policies. Toggle double-time thresholds in the Overtime Calculator.

FLSA rules require adding non-discretionary bonuses into total weekly pay before calculating the “regular rate.” Formula: Regular Rate = (Base Wages + Bonus) ÷ Total Hours Worked. Overtime is then calculated using this adjusted regular rate rather than the base hourly wage — the Overtime Calculator recalculates the regular rate when you enter a bonus.

Salaried employees qualify for overtime unless they satisfy both the DOL salary-level threshold test and the administrative/executive/professional duties test. If classified as salaried non-exempt, they still receive overtime pay. Use the Salary Calculator to convert a salary to an hourly regular rate first, then the Overtime Calculator for the premium.

In the US, overtime is calculated on the FLSA “regular rate” (base rate plus non-discretionary premiums and bonuses). In countries like India, labor law specifies overtime at 2.0× the sum of Basic Pay plus Dearness Allowance (DA). The Overtime Calculator lets you set the base rate the premium is applied to.

Enter your start date, select “Add,” and enter 90. The calculator moves forward chronologically, accounting for varying month lengths (28, 30, 31 days) and leap years to output the exact future date — try it in the Date ± Days calculator.

A business-day calculator adds 45 days while skipping weekends (Saturday and Sunday) and optional federal holidays. 45 business days equals roughly 9 calendar weeks. For weekend- and holiday-aware counting, use the Working Days calculator rather than a plain Date ± Days count.

Take your start date and add the estimated completion duration using working days rather than calendar days, so weekends and non-working holidays are accounted for. The Working Days calculator skips non-working days, while the Date ± Days calculator handles simple calendar-day offsets.

Count backward from your starting date, subtracting full days across month and year boundaries while adjusting for the specific day counts of the preceding months. Select “Subtract” in the Date ± Days calculator.

Add 6 to the current month number. If the current day exceeds the total days in the target month (e.g. August 31 + 6 months = “February 31”), clamp the result to the last valid day of that month (February 28 or 29). The Date ± Days calculator clamps month-end dates automatically.

Subtract the birth date from the reference date: align full years lived, count the remaining full months, and finally determine the leftover days based on the exact length of the preceding calendar month. The Age Calculator does this to the second.

Subtract your birth date from today’s date in a day-counter tool. As an approximation, multiply your age in years by 365.25 to account for leap years occurring every 4 years. The Age Calculator gives the exact day count, or use the Time Between Dates calculator for any two dates.

It counts every February 29 encountered between your birth date and the current date, adding one day to your overall day count for each leap year passed — handled automatically by the Age Calculator.

Multiply your total days lived by 24. Formula: Total Hours Old = Total Days Lived × 24. The Age Calculator reports your age in years, days, hours, minutes, and seconds.

Write the test date (YYYY/MM/DD) above the birth date. Subtract days first (borrowing 30 days from months if needed), then subtract months (borrowing 12 months from years if needed), and finally subtract years. The Age Calculator returns the exact years/months/days used in these assessments.

A standard calendar month contains 20 to 22 working (business) days, Monday–Friday, assuming a 5-day workweek with no holiday exclusions. Count the exact number for any month with the Working Days calculator.

A regular year has 261 weekdays (Monday through Friday). Subtracting the 11 US federal holidays leaves approximately 250 net working days per year. The Working Days calculator counts them between any two dates.

Yes — specialized business-day calculators include toggles to automatically exclude official state or national holidays. The Working Days calculator lets you exclude holidays from the count.

Use =NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date, [holidays]). It counts all weekdays (Mon–Fri) between two dates and automatically subtracts any holiday dates supplied in the optional range. Prefer no spreadsheet? The Working Days calculator does the same in the browser.

A 5-day workweek counts Monday–Friday (~261 days/year). A 6-day workweek adds Saturdays (~313 days/year), roughly 52 extra working days per calendar year. Compare both in the Working Days calculator.

Under FLSA quarter-hour rounding (15-minute increments), punches occurring 1–7 minutes past the quarter-hour round down, while punches 8–14 minutes past round up to the nearest quarter-hour. The Time Card calculator can log exact punches so you can see the effect of rounding.

Treat each shift segment separately: calculate hours worked for Shift 1 (morning) and Shift 2 (evening) individually, then sum the net totals. The Time Card calculator supports multiple in/out punches per day, and the Hours Calculator totals split segments across the week.

Yes — under US federal law, time card rounding is legal provided it is neutral and applied fairly over time so it does not systematically underpay employees. Note that California law prohibits rounding meal-period punches. Keep exact records with the Time Card calculator.

Convert total clocked minutes to decimal by dividing by 60: 6 min = 0.1, 12 min = 0.2, 15 min = 0.25, 30 min = 0.5, 45 min = 0.75 hours. The Time Card calculator and the Hours Calculator’s Decimal tab convert punches to decimal for you.

Use automated digital timecard software that logs exact timestamps down to the minute, without manual rounding. The Time Card calculator records exact in/out times instead of rounding.

Multiply your hourly rate by weekly hours worked, then multiply by 52 weeks. Formula: Annual Salary = Hourly Rate × Weekly Hours × 52. Example: $25/hr × 40 × 52 = $52,000/year. The Salary Calculator converts hourly ↔ annual, and the Hours Calculator gives you the weekly hours to plug in.

Working full-time (40 hours/week for 52 weeks), $20 an hour equals $41,600 per year gross. Assuming 2 weeks of unpaid time off (50 working weeks), it equals $40,000 per year. Try other rates in the Salary Calculator.

Divide annual salary by total working hours in a year (2,080 hours for full-time work). Example: $60,000 ÷ 2,080 = $28.85 per hour. The Salary Calculator converts either direction instantly.

Gross salary is your total compensation before deductions. Net pay is what remains after mandatory deductions (federal/state taxes, FICA) and voluntary ones (health insurance, 401k). Net pay typically ranges from 65% to 80% of gross. Start from your gross figure in the Salary Calculator, then estimate your actual take-home with the Paycheck Calculator.

A $50,000 annual salary equals $24.04 per hour based on a standard 2,080-hour work year (40 hrs/week). Accounting for 2 weeks of unpaid PTO (1,920 working hours), the effective rate is $26.04 per hour. Check any salary in the Salary Calculator.

Enter your salary (or hourly wage), filing status, state rate, and any 401(k) in the Paycheck Calculator and it estimates your take-home per paycheck using exact 2026 federal brackets and FICA rates. As a benchmark, a single filer earning $60,000 with no state tax keeps about $50,400 a year — roughly $1,938 every two weeks.

Four things come out before you're paid: federal income tax, Social Security (6.2%), Medicare (1.45%), and — in most states — state income tax, plus any 401(k) or health premiums. Together these usually take 15–35% of gross pay. The Paycheck Calculator itemizes each deduction so you can see exactly where it goes.

Divide your annual PTO hours by the number of pay periods in the year to get your per-paycheck accrual, then multiply by the pay periods completed. For example, 15 days (120 hours) paid bi-weekly accrues 4.62 hours per paycheck. The PTO Accrual Calculator does this and tracks your available balance after hours used.

With a standard 8-hour workday, one PTO day equals 8 hours, so 40 hours = 5 days. If your company uses 7.5-hour days, set that in the PTO Accrual Calculator so the day-to-hour conversions match your policy.

A complete natural human sleep cycle averages 90 minutes, moving through NREM (light and deep) sleep and REM sleep. The Sleep Calculator plans wake and bedtimes around these 90-minute cycles.

Count backward from 6:00 AM in 90-minute cycles, allowing about 15 minutes to fall asleep: 8:45 PM (6 cycles / 9 hours of sleep), 10:15 PM (5 cycles / 7.5 hours), or 11:45 PM (4 cycles / 6 hours). Enter any wake time in the Sleep Calculator for its bedtimes.

You likely woke in the middle of a deep NREM stage, triggering sleep inertia. Waking at the completion of a 90-minute cycle leaves you feeling alert regardless of total hours slept. The Sleep Calculator targets cycle completion times.

Most healthy adults need 5 to 6 complete sleep cycles per night, which is about 7.5 to 9.0 hours of restful sleep. The Sleep Calculator shows the bedtimes that land on 5 or 6 full cycles.

Average sleep latency ranges from 10 to 20 minutes. Sleep calculators typically add 14–15 minutes to target bedtime calculations to account for this transition — the Sleep Calculator builds this buffer in.

Enter the target date into a Day of the Week calculator, or compute it manually with a modular calendar algorithm such as Zeller’s Congruence. The Day of the Week calculator returns the weekday for any date, past or future.

July 4, 1776 — the date of the US Declaration of Independence — fell on a Thursday. Check any historical date with the Day of the Week calculator.

Non-leap years shift a calendar date forward by 1 weekday; leap years shift it forward by 2 weekdays (when the date follows February 29). Look up any future birthday with the Day of the Week calculator, or count down to it with the Age Calculator.

The ISO 8601 standard defines Week 1 as the calendar week containing the first Thursday of the year, with each week beginning on Monday. The Day of the Week calculator reports the ISO week number for a date.

Sum the days of all completed months in the current year up to your date, adding one day during leap years. Example: March 1 is Day 60 in a standard year (31+28+1) and Day 61 in a leap year (31+29+1). The Day of the Week calculator shows the day-of-year for any date.

In most countries (US, UK, Canada, Australia, India), unpaid meal breaks of 30 minutes or more are excluded from paid hours, while short paid breaks (5–15 minutes for coffee or restroom) are typically included. When in doubt, follow your employer’s written policy or local labor law. Each row of the Hours Calculator lets you specify break minutes.

No. Everything runs in your browser — no server, no database, no tracking. If you close the tab, your inputs are gone. To keep a record, use the Print or Export CSV buttons on any tool, such as the Hours Calculator. This is intentional: payroll data is sensitive and shouldn’t live on someone else’s server.

Yes — every calculator is fully mobile responsive, from the Hours Calculator to the Time Zone Converter. On smaller screens the timesheet rows reorganize for thumb-friendly input. You can save the page to your home screen on iOS or Android to launch it like an app, since everything works offline once loaded.